Investigation of the Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation on Macular Function in Subjects With Autosomal Dominant Stargardt-Like and Autosomal Recessive Stargardt Macular Dystrophy

Detailed Summary

This study will evaluate whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dietary supplementation can improve macular function in patients with Stargardt macular dystrophy and Stargardt-like macular dystrophy. Stargardt macular dystrophy is a recessive inherited trait that causes a severe form of macular degeneration. (The macula is the center part of the retina in the back of the eye that is responsible for fine vision.) The disorder begins in late childhood and progresses to a significant decrease in central vision. One of the earliest signs of the disorder is accumulation in and under the macula of a fatty pigment called lipofuscin. Stargardt-like macular dystrophy is a dominant inherited trait involving loss of central vision, but it begins later than Stargardt macular dystrophy, and the accumulation of lipofuscin extends beyond the central region of the macula. DHA is a fatty acid that is essential for normal brain and eye development. It is normally found in the diet, but not in large amounts. Supplements may help prevent or slow the progression of some eye diseases. Patients with autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy or autosomal recessive Stargardt macular dystrophy are eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with the following tests and procedures: * Medical history and physical examination. * Blood test to measure levels of DHA and vitamins. * Eye examination: The patient's vision and eye pressure are tested, then the pupils are dilated to examine structures inside the eye. Photographs are also taken. * Visual field test: The patient looks at a tiny spot of light projected onto a white screen and is asked to note when other lights appear at other places on the screen. * Electroretinogram (ERG): An electrode (small silver disk) is taped to the patient's forehead. Drops are given to numb the eyes and special contact lenses are inserted in the eyes. For the first part of the test, the patient looks at the center of a black and white checkerboard screen that flickers for 30 seconds at a time. This is repeated 16 or more times. For the second part of the test, the patient looks inside a sphere, in which flashes of light flicker for 20 seconds at a time. This is repeated four or more times. The contact lenses sense small electrical signals generated by the retina during the tests. Participants will begin taking DHA capsules or a placebo (look-alike capsules with no active ingredient) from 1 week to 3 months after enrolling in the study and will repeat several of the screening tests at follow-up visits scheduled 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months after they start taking the capsules. They will also be interviewed about any treatment side effects.

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