At a glance
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AVeRT: Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody (Nivolumab) in Combination With DC Vaccines for the Treatment of Recurrent Grade III and Grade IV Brain Tumors
In Brief
A Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating nivolumab and DC for Malignant Glioma and 2 related conditions. Completed, enrolled 6 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
Patients will be randomized to one of two treatment arms - Group I and Group II. Group I will receive nivolumab monotherapy until surgical resection, and Group II will receive nivolumab alone and with DC vaccine therapy until surgical resection. During surgical resection blood and tumor samples will be assessed and compared. Following surgery, both groups will continue to receive DC vaccines (total of 8) and nivolumab therapy until confirmed progression.
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
Nivolumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death-1 (PD-1) cluster of differentiation 279 cell surface membrane receptor. PD-1 is a negative regulatory molecule expressed by activated T and B lymphocytes. Binding of PD-1 to its ligands, programmed death-ligands 1 and 2, results in the down-regulation of lymphocyte activation. Inhibition of the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands promotes immune responses and antigen-specific T cell responses to both foreign antigens as well as self-antigens. Nivolumab is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and is produced using standard mammalian cell cultivation and chromatographic purification technologies. The clinical study product is a sterile solution for parenteral administration.
DCs are potent immunostimulatory cells that continuously sample the antigenic environment of the host and specifically activate cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) and cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8+) T-cells and B-cells. They are at the crossroads of many of the elegant networks of the immune system, and DCs represent the most promising contemporary biologic entity for realizing the promise of immunotherapy. Potent immune responses and encouraging clinical results have been seen in Phase I and II human clinical trials in systemic cancers. Numerous animal studies and the investigator's institution's humans studies have demonstrated potent antitumor responses using DC-based immunotherapy against MGs.