At a glance
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Effects of Addition of Systemic Tramadol or Adjunct Tramadol to Lidocaine Used for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgery
In Brief
A Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating Lidocaine, lidocaine+adjunct tramadol, and 7 other interventions for Anesthesia. Completed, enrolled 60 participants.
Detailed Summary
Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is used in outpatient hand surgery as an easily applicable and cost-effective technique with clinical advantages. Nevertheless, IVRA has some disadvantages including anesthetic toxicity, slow-onset, poor muscle relaxation, tourniquet pain, and minimal postoperative pain relief. Providing an ideal anesthesia by overcoming these disadvantages is possible with the addition of some adjunct agents into local anesthetic substances. One of these adjunct agents used for IVRA is tramadol, a synthetic analgesic having opioid and nonopioid characteristics. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of addition of systemic tramadol or adjunct tramadol to lidocaine for IVRA in patients undergoing hand surgery..
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
IVRA was performed with 3 mg/kg lidocaine (10% Lidocaine) plus 50 mg tramadol, which were administered after diluting with saline to 40 mL. While performing IVRA, 30 mL saline was simultaneously administered to the systemic circulation
IVRA was performed with 3 mg/kg lidocaine, which was diluted with saline to 40 mL. While performing IVRA, 50 mg tramadol diluted with saline to 30 mL was simultaneously administered to the systemic circulation
If the patient had a VAS score of \>4 and if required, 1 μg/kg fentanyl was administered for analgesia and the dosage and time were recorded.
The patients received premedication 45 min before the surgery with intramuscular 0.01 mg/kg atropine. In case of bradycardia (HR \<50/min), 0.5 mg intravenous atropine was administered.
The patients received premedication 45 min before the surgery with intramuscular 0.07 mg/kg midazolam
The patients with a VAS score of \>4 were administered with 75 mg diclofenac sodium via intramuscular route.
In the event of hypotension (systolic arterial pressure \<90 mmHg or a decrease of more than 50 mmHg from the normal value) during the surgery, 5 mg intravenous ephedrine was administered.
Intravenous 4 mg ondansetron was administered for nausea and vomiting.