Intrauterine Administration of Autologous hCG-activated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Improves Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Recurrent Implantation Failure; a Double-blind Randomized Control Trial Study

Detailed Summary

Despite the many research done in the field of infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF), more than half of the embryos transmitted in the IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) do not implant successfully. Currently, pregnancy failure following at least three IVF/ET cycle, so that one or two high-quality embryos transmitted in each cycle is defined as recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Maternal and fetal factors can be a reason for implantation failure; maternal factors include endometrial receptivity, uterine anatomic abnormalities, and immunologic factors. Implantation failure with embryonic reasons includes genetic abnormalities and any factor that affects the implantation and growth of the embryo within the uterus. In recent years, the involvement of immune-related factors mainly natural killer cells (NK), dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MQ), regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th-1, in the endometrial differentiation and development and endometrial receptivity, as well as induction of immunological tolerance to the fetus, have been reported.

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