Gingival Phenotype Changes After Different Periodontal Plastic Surgical Techniques.

Detailed Summary

Gingival thickness plays a key role not only in the etiology but also in the treatment of gingival recessions. a thin marginal tissue lining the hard periodontal tissues seems to be one of the main risk factor for the onset of gingival recession ; more recently, authors reported that as the gingival thickness decreases, the gingival recession severity increases . When gingival inflammation occurs, if the tissue is thin the consequent destruction can quickly produce a gingival recession (GR) . When treating a gingival recession, the clinician should aim not only to completely cover the exposed root surface but also to prevent a future recession recurrence Currently, CAF associated with graft is considered as the gold standard for exposed root coverage; this technique has demonstrated high rates in gingival recession reduction and positive predictability in obtaining complete root coverage . However, some disadvantages about this surgical approach can be easily highlighted: patients experience more discomfort, longer chair-time it's necessary and a second wound area is created . On the other hand, CAF procedure alone does not require a second surgical site, with better post-operative course, also reducing the surgical time. However, long term-studies report lower probability of complete root coverage when using the CAF technique without a simultaneous increase of the gingival thickness as compared to CAF+graft treatment. In this scenario, The Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) could be a valuable alternative treatment of gingival defects. It's a platelet concentrate, obtained by a fast and simple procedure that does not require anticoagulant and bovine thrombin . It can also be categorized as a live tissue thanks to platelets, leukocytes, growth factors and stem cells trapped in a polymerized fibrin mesh. PRF is used in various fields of regenerative medicine; It promotes stabilization and revascularization of the flaps, contributes to soft tissue wound healing and reduces post-operative discomfort. The purpose of this clinical study will be to determine if the combination of platelet rich fibrine membrane with a modified coronally advanced flap (MCAF) improved the gingival biotype compared to CAF + graft or CAF alone.

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