At a glance
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A Cardiosleep Research Program on Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Blood Pressure Control and Maladaptive Myocardial Remodeling
In Brief
A clinical study evaluating Mandibular Advancement Device and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Hypertension,Essential and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Completed, enrolled 321 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
The objective of this proposal is to evaluate whether mandibular advancement device (MAD) is non-inferior to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and blood pressure reduction. OSA and hypertension are highly prevalent disorders with profound impacts on health. Apart from improving quality of-life, an effective OSA treatment could improve cardiovascular risk partly through blood pressure reduction, particularly in patients with high cardiovascular risk in whom blood pressure control is often suboptimal. Although CPAP is useful, the high non-acceptance and non-adherence preclude its widespread use. East Asians have a restrictive craniofacial phenotype that predisposes them to OSA and the associated cardiovascular stress. CPAP, while considered the first-line therapy for OSA, has failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in randomized trials till date because it is poorly tolerated. MADs are oral appliances that correct the restrictive craniofacial phenotype present in East Asians by protruding the lower jaw to reduce upper airway collapsibility. MADs are better tolerated than CPAP, and this may be an important determinant of the overall effectiveness in treating OSA, and thus ameliorating the downstream adverse health outcomes. We hypothesize that MADs are non-inferior to CPAP in treating OSA and reducing cardiovascular risk by blood pressure reduction in East Asians. We will recruit East Asian subjects with hypertension and high cardiovascular risk for polysomnography. Patients diagnosed with OSA (n=220) will be randomized to MAD or CPAP groups in a 1:1 ratio for a treatment duration of 6 months. The primary endpoint is the 24-hour mean blood pressure as determined by ambulatory monitoring. The secondary endpoints include sleep-time systolic BP, target blood pressure, cardiovascular biomarkers, and myocardial remodeling. Association between OSA and silent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation will also be determined. If MADs are shown to be effective, the next step is to evaluate our novel device- drug-eluting MAD that the team is developing.
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
Mandibular advancement device (MAD) has been a novel method in the management of snoring and OSA. For mild to moderate sleep apnea, MADs have been a boon. A guideline published by American Academy of Sleep Medicine stated that MAD was indicated as first-line therapy for mild OSA and a second-line therapy for moderate to severe OSA
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of positive airway pressure ventilator, which applies mild air pressure on a continuous basis to keep the airways continuously open in people with OSA