The Effect of Three Different Local Cold Applications on Pain and Ecchymosis in Subcutaneous Heparin Injections

Detailed Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different cold application methods on ecchymosis and pain in the injection site in patients who received DMAH injection from the SC route. In the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the research universe will be composed of the patients who underwent DMAH from the SC path in Internal Medicine Service at a State Hospital under the Ministry of Health. The sample will consist of patients who meet the research criteria, who are informed about the purpose of the research, and who are willing to participate after obtaining the permission of the Ethics Committee and institution. The sample will consist of patients who meet the research criteria, who are informed about the purpose of the research, and who are willing to participate after obtaining the permission of the Ethics Committee and institution. The sample size (d=0.785) was found by reference from the article "effect of ice application on ecchymosis formation in patients undergoing subcutaneous anticoagulant therapy" by Küçükgüçlü and Okumu (2010) and the sample size required for 1-β=0.95 (power) in α=0.05 was n = 38. Patient Data Sheet, SC Road injection tracking chart, Visual Analog scale, Opsite - Flexigrid measurement tool, Mekano-analgesia (Buzzy) device, local coolant spray and acetate Pen will be used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 software will be used for statistical analysis of research data. If the data set matches the normal distribution, parametric hypothesis tests will be used, and if the data set does not match the normal distribution, nonparametric hypothesis tests will be used.

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