Malaria as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 in Western Kenya and Burkina Faso

Detailed Summary

It is unknown whether malaria or malaria treatment affects COVID-19 severity, immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus, or viral loads and/or duration of shedding and therewith the onwards spread of SARS-COV-2. An observational cohort study will be conducted in 708 newly diagnosed COVID-19 patient of all ages in western Kenya and Burkina-Faso. They will be enrolled in hospitals with COVID-19 testing facilities from a source population screened for SARS-CoV-2 (N\~4,720). Approximately 142 of the 708 COVID-19 patients are expected to be co-infected with malaria. They will be enrolled in the nested malaria treatment trial and randomized to receive 3-days of artemether-lumefantrine (the current standard of care) or pyronaridine-artesunate, a highly effective antimalarial with known antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro, that is newly registered and being rolled out in Africa. Disease progression will be assessed and nasal swabs and blood samples will be taken during home/clinic visits on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. Patients self-isolating will be phoned daily in between scheduled visits for the first 14 days to assess signs and symptoms. Hospitalisation, self-isolation and home-based care will follow national guidelines. The WHO clinical progression scale and FLU-PRO plus scales will be used to compare disease progression between COVID-19 patients with and without malaria, and by malaria. Other endpoints include seroconversion/reversion rates, chemokine/cytokine responses, T and B cell responses, viral load and duration of viral carriage. Infection prevention and control (IPC), including the use of personal protection equipment (PPE), and measures for patient transport will follow national guidelines in each country. Written informed consent/assent will be sought. The study is anticipated to start in January 2021 and last for approximately 18 months.

Study Details

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Interventions