Maternal Involvement in Pain Management in NICU: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Detailed Summary

Infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) may experience a negative impact due to multiple painful and stressful procedures during their hospitalization. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that healthcare facilities taking care of newborns should implement pain prevention and management programs. There are some non-pharmacological techniques that have been developed to reduce newborn's pain perception, including swaddling, holding, non-nutritive sucking in infants with Post-menstrual age (PMA) below 32 weeks, nutritional sucking with the administration of breast milk or sweeteners above 32 weeks PMA and exposure to maternal voice. Even for parents, the experience of NICU hospitalization of their child is a particularly stressful event, mainly characterized by feelings of exclusion due to lack of interactions with their own baby due to their clinical conditions. Hence, it is very important to intervene as soon as possible on parental stress that can affect the physical and psychological quality of life of the family. This is possible through the application of nursing care plans that involve the parents in daily care and support them in the long process of development and acquisition of autonomy and skills. The nurse is a healthcare provider who has the most frequent contact with newborns hospitalized in NICU and has a key role in preventing, recognizing, and managing newborn's pain. However, there is a considerable discrepancy between the theory and practice: many nurses and doctors are aware that most of the procedures carried out in NICU cause pain. Therefore, nurses also can develop high levels of physical and psychological stress, particularly when they manage a newborn who feels pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if maternal involvement in the pain management of newborn admitted to NICU may reduce the level of pain perceived by infant during the heel stick procedure using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) pain scoring tool. In addition, the study's secondary goal will be to investigate if maternal involvement in pain management of newborn may produce positive effects on the mother in reducing stress, depression and anxiety and in reducing nurses' physical and psychological stress.

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