A Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Intranasal Heparin Treatment to Reduce Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID 19 Disease Among Household Contacts of SARS-CoV-2+ Adults and Children

Detailed Summary

Coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by a virus whose full name is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is a new and rapidly-spreading infectious disease which carries a significant risk of death, has brought massive economic impact globally and has proved hard to contain through public health measures. While we currently have effective vaccines, they do not protect the whole community and the constant threat of new mutations means there is an urgent need to identify new approaches to reducing community spread of infection. Heparin is a naturally occurring sugar molecule which has been used for a century to treat a range of medical problems including heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots. It has also been investigated as a treatment for pneumonias. Recent research suggests it binds to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in such a way it may reduce the virus' ability to enter cells. This may be an important way to tackle the early stages of infection which occurs inside the nose. Therefore, this medication could be used amongst people with early COVID-19 infection and amongst their household contacts to reduce the rate of virus transmission during local outbreaks. If proven effective there are many other potential uses as primary prophylaxis for people working in high risk areas, for travel, for protection in high risk crowded environments such as nightclubs, or sporting events. Heparin is safe, inexpensive, available worldwide and if effective could be rapidly used across the world to slow progression of the current pandemic. Further there are recent studies suggesting that the risk of brain complications as part of "long COVID", are directly related to the amount of virus in the nose. Reducing the viral load in the nose is thought to be effective in reducing these "long COVID" complications. This study will explore the effect of the intervention on viral load and long COVID. In this study, researchers want to investigate this medicine in people who have been identified by a COVID-19 swab test to be in the early stages of infection(defined as the index case), and amongst their household contacts. Each participant would take the medicine or a dummy control solution by spray into their nose three times a day for 10 days. The study will investigate if there are fewer people who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection by day 10 amongst households who receive the medicine than households which receive the dummy control.

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