At a glance
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Photobiomodulation Therapy for Plantar Fasciitis: A Single-Blind Randomized Control Trial
In Brief
A clinical study evaluating Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) and Sham-Photobiomodualtion Therapy (Sham-PBMT) for Plantar Fascitis. Completed, enrolled 71 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
Plantar fasciitis (PF), a degenerative injury of the connective tissue in the foot, results in pain-related disability in Service Members and contributes to decreased physical activity and excessive healthcare costs. Even if effective, current treatment protocols may require 6-12 months of therapy to return individuals to pain-free activity. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) uses non-ionizing light to elicit biological changes in tissues resulting in beneficial therapeutic outcomes. Evidence supports use of PBM for other degenerative connective tissue conditions, such as achilles tendinopathy and epicondylitis. A previous pilot study was completed in an active-duty military and civilian population, which demonstrated a positive effect of two PBM dose parameters on function and pain levels in participants with chronic PF when combined with stretching and ice. These positive findings from the aforementioned study are promising in the treatment of this common and debilitating issue, but require the addition of a sham comparison to rigorously eliminate any potential placebo effect of the treatment protocol, and further refine the treatment protocol in order to make evidence-based clinical recommendations. As such, proposing a follow-up study and the addition of an objective outcome measure will strengthen the impact of the study. SPECIFIC AIM 1: To assess the clinical effectiveness of photobiomodulation compared to sham photobiomodulation to improve function and decrease pain. SPECIFIC AIM 2: To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation compared to sham photobiomodulation to resolve plantar fascial thickening. DESIGN: A prospective randomized sham-controlled trial to meet the aims of the study. METHOD: A sample of up to 100 active-duty military members will be randomly assigned to the Sham-PBMT or PBMT group. At baseline, during the treatment protocol, and at long-term (3 and 6 months) follow-up, measures of foot function, pain, and plantar fascial thickness will be collected for analysis. The proposed methods will allow the study team to establish if PBMT is clinically effective to accelerate recovery compared to Sham-PBMT and result in resolution of fascial thickening, decrease in pain, and improved function. LONG-TERM GOAL: The long-term goals of the research include developing PBMT protocols for broad application to other painful and duty-limiting conditions.
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
Participants will receive PBMT with the PBM device over the course of three consecutive weeks (three treatments per week). PBM treatments will take approximately 5-10 minutes to administer at each session. Specific treatment parameters will be based on measurements of calf, ankle, and foot using pre-calculated treatment tables; participants will receive 10 J/cm2, 25W output power, and the length of the treatment will be dependent on treatment area (size). PBMT will be administered by a trained member of the study team using the LightForce® XPi therapy laser, provided by LiteCure, LLC/DJO Global (New Castle, DE). The LightForce® XPi therapy laser is an FDA cleared device for the treatment of pain. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which achieves effective treatments and improves dosing accuracy by assessing the operator's speed and providing real-time visual (red - amber - green light) and sensory feedback.
Sham-PBM treatment time will be calculated in the same way as the PBM treatment group, with the time of treatment dependent on the size of the treatment area. The sham-PBMT will be administered by rolling the massage ball over the plantar surface of the foot and dorsal aspect of the calf in contact with the participants' skin. Because emission of photons at the selected treatment parameters may cause participants in the treatment group to feel warmth, the massage ball will be warmed in the sham-PBMT. The device will be turned on, so the red aiming beam will be visible, but the operator will not activate the switch to emit photons.