At a glance
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Visual Oral Examination in Primary Health Care for Early Detection of Oral Cancer: Targeting High-Risk Individuals in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro
In Brief
A clinical study evaluating Visual oral examination for Mouth Neoplasms. Completed, enrolled 1,152 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
Oral cancer (OC) is a public health problem in Brazil, with high morbidity and mortality, mainly associated with late diagnosis, which implies high-cost treatments and great social impact, with aesthetic and functional sequelae. Smokers and alcoholics are at increased risk for the disease, being early detection the most effective way to increase survival. In Brazil, cancer plan recommends early diagnosis of OC through opportunistic examination, which is carried out during regular visits to the dentist. However, this strategy has not yet been able to reverse the late diagnosis, which may be due to the low access to dental appointments by the most vulnerable groups. Studies point to the effectiveness of the preventive physical examination of the mouth for early detection when directed to the high-risk population. The aim of the present study is to compare different strategies aimed at expanding the access of the high-risk population to preventive physical examination of the mouth. A cluster-randomized trial (control group and experimental groups I and II) will be carried out in Primary Health Care units in Programmatic Area 5.2 of the city of Rio de Janeiro (eight neighborhoods in the West Zone). In the control group, there will be no change in current care. In both experimental groups, Community Agents and health professionals will be trained in OC prevention and instructed to call the users with high-risk for OC to the preventive examination of the mouth at the health unit. After 6 months, in experimental group I, an active search will be carried out for users who did not show up for the preventive examination, while in experimental group II, a campaign on OC will be carried out for a month, inviting the population to the preventive examination. After one year, the number of people at increased risk for OC examined in each group will be compared and correlated with sociodemographic and clinicopathological variables.
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
Oral preventive examinations in the three groups will be conducted over a one-year period. Individuals with oral injuries will be referred to stomatology, aligning with the existing protocol. Histopathological examinations of the biopsied lesions will be performed at the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, following the established procedures. Users diagnosed with malignancy will be directed to receive treatment at the reference hospital, with monitoring carried out by the Basic Health Unit responsible for coordinating care, in accordance with the current protocol. In addition to histopathological examinations, the Faculty of Dentistry will be available to conduct a physical examination and biopsy if the user is not attended to by the Municipal Health Department. This additional resource ensures comprehensive care for individuals who may not have immediate access to municipal health services.