At a glance
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The Effect of Hand Reflexology Massage on Fatigue and Anxiety Levels Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
In Brief
A clinical study evaluating Hand Reflexology Massage and Standard for End Stage Kidney Disease (ESRD) and 4 related conditions. Completed, enrolled 70 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluates the efficacy of hand reflexology massage (HRM) in reducing fatigue and anxiety among adult patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Participants are randomly assigned to either an HRM intervention group or a usual care control group. The HRM group receives eight 21-minute sessions of hand reflexology during routine hemodialysis visits over four weeks, while the control group continues with standard care only. Outcomes are measured using validated scales at baseline, mid-intervention (after 4 sessions), and post-intervention (after 8 sessions). This non-pharmacological, nurse-deliverable intervention is designed to be culturally appropriate, feasible in resource-limited settings, and respectful of patient comfort during dialysis.
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
The intervention is a standardized Hand Reflexology Massage (HRM) for adults on maintenance hemodialysis, applied twice weekly for four weeks during dialysis. Each 27-minute session follows a structured three-phase protocol: 7 minutes of preparatory relaxation, 18 minutes of targeted stimulation of key reflex points (Solar Plexus, Diaphragm, Adrenal/Kidney, Pituitary, and Heart on the left hand), and 2 minutes of concluding relaxation. Pressure is applied systematically using thumb or index finger. Male patients are treated by the principal investigator, females by a trained female co-researcher. This evidence-based, non-invasive therapy differs from general hand massage by focusing on validated reflex points, reducing fatigue and anxiety, and integrating safely into dialysis care.
The control group receives standard care, which consists of routine hemodialysis treatment and standard nursing care as per the established protocols at Fatima Al-Zahraa and Al-Hayat Hemodialysis Centers. This includes monitoring vital signs, managing dialysis parameters, administering prescribed medications, providing general health education, and offering emotional support during the treatment sessions.