Effects of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) on Nicotine Dependence, Cotinine Levels, and Related Biomarkers in Adult Smokers

Detailed Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) inhaler and liquid vapor interventions affect nicotine dependence and related biological and behavioral outcomes in adult smokers. The study will also evaluate changes in blood biomarkers, psychological well-being, and lifestyle-related measures. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do lemongrass inhalers and/or liquid vapor reduce nicotine dependence and cotinine levels in adult smokers? * How do these interventions affect blood lipid profile and biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, and stress response, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), cortisol, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)? * Do lemongrass inhaler and liquid vapor influence appetite, physical fitness, sleep quality, and psychological status measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS)? Researchers will compare participants receiving lemongrass inhaler, lemongrass liquid vapor, or a combination of both to a control group receiving no intervention to evaluate the effects of the interventions. Participants will: * Receive a lemongrass inhaler, lemongrass liquid vapor, a combination of both, or no intervention according to group assignment * Continue their usual daily activities during the study period * Provide blood samples and complete questionnaires to assess biochemical markers, nicotine dependence, appetite, fitness level, sleep quality, and psychological status

Study Details

Timeline

Interventions