At a glance
ClinicalIndex Comparison RecordStandardized by ClinicalIndex from the ClinicalTrials.gov record · verify against the source.
PRESENCE OF FRANK'S SIGN: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS
In Brief
An observational study evaluating To obtain bilateral ear photographs and To take a medical history for Smoking ( Cigarette) and Cardiovascular Disease. Completed, enrolled 404 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
In this study, the effect of cigarette smoking-one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases-on the development of Frank's sign (DELC) was investigated. Rather than smoking status alone, cumulative smoking exposure was considered to cause vascular damage and thereby influence the formation of DELC. Consequently, these findings may enable family physicians and other clinicians to approach patients rapidly and non-invasively within the framework of preventive medicine.
Study Details
Timeline
Interventions
Digital photographs obtained from both ears in a well-lit environment were evaluated by the study researchers. The presence of Frank's sign and its staging according to the Modified Patel-Lopez classification were confirmed by a positive assessment from at least two researchers
The participants' sociodemographic data, histories of chronic diseases, medication use, family histories, and smoking habits were recorded by the researchers via face-to-face interviews (average duration: 5 min)