At a glance
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Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Stage II Periodontitis: A Randomized Split-Mouth Study
In Brief
A clinical study evaluating Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) with Indocyanine Green and 810 nm Diode Laser for Periodontitis and Chronic Periodontitis (Disorder). Completed, enrolled 30 participants across 1 site.
Detailed Summary
Gum disease (periodontitis) affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to tooth loss if untreated. The standard treatment is a deep cleaning procedure called non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), where a dentist removes bacterial buildup from beneath the gums. Sometimes, harmful bacteria remain after this cleaning and the disease can return. This study tests whether adding a light-based antibacterial treatment - called photodynamic therapy (PDT) - to the standard deep cleaning improves results. PDT works by placing a harmless green dye (indocyanine green) into the gum pocket, then shining a specific laser light on it. The light activates the dye and kills the remaining bacteria without antibiotics. Who can join: Adults aged 18 and over diagnosed with moderate gum disease (Stage II periodontitis) with gum pocket depths of 4-5 mm. How it works: Each participant receives both treatments - standard cleaning on one side of the mouth, and standard cleaning plus PDT on the other side. This allows a fair comparison within the same person. What is measured: Gum pocket depth, gum attachment level, and gum bleeding - checked at the start of the study and again after 3 months. The study was conducted at Thumbay University Hospital, UAE
Study Details
Timeline
Arms & Interventions
Control sites received full-mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) consisting of supragingival and subgingival debridement using an ultrasonic scaler and Gracey curettes (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL). Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced at each visit. Pocket depth was standardized using an individualized acrylic resin occlusal stent with a UNC-15 periodontal probe.
Test sites received full-mouth NSPT followed by adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Indocyanine green (ICG) dye was reconstituted at 5 mg/ml and delivered to the base of the periodontal pocket via a 27-gauge needle using a coronal withdrawal technique. The photosensitizer was activated using an Elexxion AG 810 nm diode laser, with the fiber tip moved in an apico-coronal direction parallel to the root surface within the pocket.
Interventions
Full-mouth mechanical debridement using ultrasonic scaling and area-specific Gracey curettes to remove supra- and subgingival calculus and plaque biofilm. Applied to all sites in both arms.
Indocyanine green (ICG) photosensitizing dye (25 mg lyophilized powder reconstituted to 5 mg/ml with sterile water) was delivered into the periodontal pocket via a 27-gauge needle. The dye was then activated using an Elexxion AG 810 nm diode laser. The laser fiber tip was positioned at the base of the pocket and moved in an apico-coronal direction parallel to the root surface. Applied to test sites only, immediately following NSPT.